研究领域介绍

This study focuses on the identification and characterization of mature neuron markers, and systematically elaborates the expression characteristics and biological functions of a variety of specific markers in mature neurons. As a core nuclear protein, NeuN is widely expressed in most post-mitotic neurons; GAP43, β3-tubulin, MAP2 and neurofilament protein (NEFL) participate in neuronal process growth, cytoskeleton construction and axon development; Synaptophysin and PSD95 regulate the structural and functional functions of presynaptic and postsynaptic respectively, and UCH-L1 maintains normal synaptic function of neurons through deubiquitination. At the same time, the information of specific antibodies that can be used to detect the above markers is integrated, and their reactive species and application scenarios are clarified, providing theoretical basis and experimental reference for the identification of mature neurons, the study of neurobiological mechanisms and the application of related antibody reagents.

Synapses are the site for brain communication where information is transmitted between neurons and stored for memory formation.

Neurons are the cells that give rise to our perceptions, memories, and behaviors. They do so by communicating through dense, intricate networks of synapses, the neuron-to-neuron junctions through which neurons transmit chemical (neurotransmitter) and electrical signals.

Neuroectodermal markers are a class of biomolecules that are specifically expressed in cells derived from the embryonic neuroectoderm, including proteins, enzymes, receptors, and transcription factors. They are primarily expressed in neurons, glial cells, neuroendocrine cells, neural crest cells, and their corresponding tumor cells.

Neurodegenerative diseases are characterised by selective dysfunction and loss of synaptic connectivity and neurons.

This study focuses on the Mitochondrial Marker Antibody Sampler Kit, which contains a variety of antibodies targeting classic mitochondrial proteins, including key mitochondrial proteins such as cytochrome c oxidase, cytochrome c, HSP60, prohibitin, pyruvate dehydrogenase complex, succinate dehydrogenase, SOD1, and voltage-dependent anion channel. These proteins are located in different substructures such as the inner mitochondrial membrane, intermembrane space, matrix, and outer membrane, and participate in core life activities including mitochondrial electron transport chain, tricarboxylic acid cycle, protein folding and stability, and metabolite transport. This paper systematically presents the product information of 8 rabbit monoclonal antibodies targeting the above mitochondrial proteins, as well as 2 matched secondary antibodies and internal reference antibodies, including catalog numbers, reactive species, and applicable experimental types.

Mitochondrial dynamics, encompassing fission and fusion processes, plays a critical role in the regulation of mitochondrial morphology, metabolism, apoptosis, and autophagy. Protein import into mitochondria is primarily mediated by the translocase of the outer mitochondrial membrane (TOM) complex and the translocase of the inner membrane (TIM) complex, in which Tom20, a key component of the TOM complex, initiates the recognition of protein precursors. Mitochondrial dynamics are tightly governed by dynamin-related GTPases: DRP1 modulates mitochondrial fission, while mitofusin-1, mitofusin-2, and OPA1 control mitochondrial fusion. The activities of these core proteins are precisely regulated via post-translational modifications. OPA1 is regulated by alternative splicing and proteolytic processing, and its expression can be induced by metabolic stress. DRP1 activity is differentially modulated by phosphorylation at distinct sites, with Ser616 phosphorylation promoting fission and Ser637 phosphorylation inhibiting this process. Furthermore, mitochondrial fission factor (MFF) acts as a receptor for DRP1, and its phosphorylation by AMPK facilitates the recruitment of DRP1 to mitochondria. This review summarizes the molecular mechanisms underlying mitochondrial protein import and the regulatory network of mitochondrial dynamics.

Adult NSCs are primarily quiescent, a reversible cell state where they have exited the cell cycle (G0) yet remain responsive to the environment. In the first step of adult neurogenesis, quiescent NSCs (qNSCs) receive a signal and activate, exiting quiescence and re-entering the cell cycle.

Glial progenitor cells (GPCs) are a class of neural precursor cells characterized by self-renewal capacity and multi-lineage differentiation potential, primarily giving rise to the three major glial cell types of the central nervous system (CNS): astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and ependymal cells.

In the world of cells, there exists a mysterious "messenger" that, despite its minuscule size, plays a crucial role in cellular communication. These are exosomes— the "secret weapon" of intercellular signaling.